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More Computer Modeling of Colliding Galaxies:
Here are several sites which show state-of-the-art computer models of interacting galaxies,
typically done on large workstations or supercomputers. Unlike the Galaxy Crash models,
the modeling below takes into account the self-gravity of the galaxies, and, in many
cases, the hydrodynamic modeling of their interstellar gas. If you follow
the links below you will find many images and animations of these computer models.
Observations of Colliding Galaxies:
- One of the first catalogs of peculiar galaxies was compiled by Halton Arp,
whose catalog contains many examples of interacting galaxies (not all
the galaxies in the Arp Atlas are involved in a collision, however). An on-line
version of this catalog can be found at http://nedwww.ipac.caltech.edu/level5/Arp/frames.html
- John Hibbard (NRAO) has compiled a large observational dataset of
colliding galaxies, showing the distribution of stars and gas in many systems. His dataset can be found at http://www.cv.nrao.edu/~jhibbard/home.html
- There have been many images of interacting galaxies taken by the Hubble Space Telescope. Here are some:
Technical Bibliography:
The subject of galaxy interactions covers such a wide range of topics,
and is so actively being studied,
that it is impossible to give a comprehensive literature review. Instead,
I have attempted to outline some of the original material
in the field, while also giving more recent updates and reviews on the broader
subjects.
- Recent reviews on the subject of galaxy interactions include:
- Barnes, J., Hernquist, L., 1992, Annual Reviews of Astronomy and Astrophysics, 30, 705
- Kennicutt, R.C., Schweizer, F., Barnes, J.E., 1998, Galaxies:
Interactions and Induced Star Formation (Berlin: Springer)
- Some of the first detailed N-body calculations of interacting
galaxies were done by
while more modern calculations can be found in
- Mihos, J.C., Hernquist, L. 1996, Astrophysical Journal, 464, 662
- Barnes, J., Hernquist, L. 1996, Astrophysical Journal, 471, 115
- The detailed properties of ULIRG galaxies, and the connection
between mergers, ULIRGs, and quasars was first described in
and have been recently reviewed in
- Sanders, D.B., Mirabel, I.F. 1996, Annual Reviews of Astronomy and Astrophysics, 34, 749
- The theoretical motivation behind the merger hypothesis for
elliptical galaxy formation can be found in
- Toomre, A. 1977, in The Evolution of Galaxies and Stellar
Populations, eds. Tinsley, B.M., and Larson, R.B.
(New Haven:Yale Observatory Press), 401
while some of the first observational groundwork is in
- The accretion model for the Galactic halo was originally proposed by
while a recent review of observational and theoretical work on
the structure and formation of the halo is given in
- Majewski, S.R. 1996, Annual Reviews of Astronomy and Astrophysics, 34, 749
- Models of satellite infall can be found in
- Hernquist, L., Mihos, J.C. 1995, Astrophysical Journal, 448, 41
- Johnston, K.V., Spergel, D.N., Hernquist, L. 1995, Astrophysical Journal, 451, 598
- Walker, I.R., Mihos, J.C., Hernquist, L. 1996, Astrophysical Journal, 460, 121
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